Report on the Economy of France

Question: Talk about the Report on the Economy of France. Answer: Presentation As of now, France is the fifth-biggest economy on the planet. The administration division is the essential supporter of countrys economy. Prominently, 70 percent of the countrys GDP is created by the administration business (France Economic Outlook 2016). Basically, the countrys fundamental fares incorporate hardware and transportation gear, aviation and plastic among others. Then again, its imports incorporate hardware, vehicles, and unrefined petroleum. The countrys the travel industry area is likewise blasting, making France one of the most visited nations. The joblessness rate has settled after some time despite the fact that it is still high at 9.9% as at 2016 (OECD 2016). Current Macroeconomic Situation Shopper value levels rose from 0.5 percent to 0.6 percent in December 2016 (France Inflation, 2017). Outstandingly, this was the most elevated swelling level since May 2014. Especially, food, vitality and administration costs have expanded. The center value pointer (ISJ) dropped by 0.1% in December. Thus, the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices Stagnated among October and December. The swelling rate found the middle value of 4.5% from 1958 until 2016 (France Inflation 2017). What's more, salary imbalance is prevalent in the France economy. Redistributive assessments and moves are a potential answer for money disparity. Expanding openings for work and interests in training and aptitudes are fitting measures to diminish joblessness rates. Better instruction expands employability chances for the jobless. Sexual orientation fairness with regards to compensation in work be actualized. The OECD Economic standpoint report recommends that ladies win 15% not as much as men. Annihilation of this sort of segregation will go far in killing salary imbalance and give business chances to progressively female laborers. In 2015, the countries net national pay was evaluated at 2.544 trillion dollars. In that year, the total national output expanded by around 1.1% percent (CIA, 2017). Be that as it may, the elevated level of government use and slurry financial action eased back the countrys development rate. In the course of recent years, the nation has been encountering huge spending shortfalls. A year ago, the spending shortfall was around 9.9 percent of the recorded GNP. All things considered, the GDP development rate has expanded throughout the years. In particular, the development rate increased from 0.6% in 2014 to 1.3% in 2016. Around the same time, the GDP per capita was recorded as $42,400 (CIA, 2017). Note that the degrees of joblessness in the nation are essentially high. For example, the joblessness rate expanded from 7.8 percent in 2008 to 9.9 percent in 2014. Especially, youth joblessness is a significant test. In 2015, joblessness levels rose to 10.8 percent (Overview, 2016). Essentially, joblessness is brought about by absence of openings for work. Absence of interest for merchandise and ventures prompts more employment cutbacks expanding the quantity of jobless people. Underemployment and youth joblessness lead to underutilization of financial assets. Salary imbalance in France is practically equivalent to the OECD normal. Somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2011, France encountered the most elevated increment in extra cash imbalance (Loiseau, 2014). As of late, pay disparity rates have expanded by 1.6percent. Additionally, sex pay hole has been enlarging since 2000. Thusly, ladies in France procure around 14 percent not exactly their male partners. Additionally, the hole between poor people and the rich has enlarged throughout the years (Loiseau, 2014). Likewise, open obligation has stressed the countrys economy. All things considered, the high government spending has incapacitated development of French economy. Remote obtaining of accounts to fill spending deficiencies have arrived at elevated levels. Be that as it may, the legislature has found a way to decrease these deficiencies by diminishing its consumption. The high government spending is credited to the way that France has one of the biggest open segments on the planet. In this way, the monstrous open obligation results from high open spending by the administration to give merchandise and ventures to its residents. Major Macroeconomic Problems Slow Growth Frances greatest financial issue is moderate monetary development (Walker, 2016). A year ago, the nation recorded roughly 0.5 percent development. In like manner, the degree of monetary movement was assessed at 2.8 percent in that year. Especially, the moderate development rate has been because of the proceeded with work showcase challenges (The Economist, 2017). Basically, these issues emerge from the double employment showcase in the nation. The double market framework is portrayed by high wages, advancement prospects and professional stability offered to insiders. Subsequently, the more youthful work power can just access transient work agreements or none. Moreover, high standardized savings commitment necessities have added to the high work costs prompting slurred financial development rate in France. Furthermore, the moderate development rate is brought about by the excessively enormous spending shortfalls in the nation. The shortages are ascribed to high government consumption in the midst of restricted government income. Eminently, the countrys government spending was around 56 percent of the GDP. This figure is incredibly high contrasted with OECDs normal of 43 percent (Elder, 2015). High open use can be credited to the huge size of the nation and tremendous remote obtaining. Diminished government use can be accomplished through restricted remote acquiring and spending. Private part speculation motivations are likewise liable to diminish government consumption to the general population. High Unemployment High joblessness levels is another significant test for the French economy. Today, around 10.2 percent of the workforce is jobless. Especially, this rate around the normal objective rate for the Eurozone. The degree of youth joblessness is generally high in the nation. All things considered, reports show that one in each four people underneath 25 years is jobless in France (Elliott Penketh, 2014). In addition, the presence of government assistance programs is an incredible disincentive for people in the nation to take up low paying occupations. Additionally, broad business guideline in the economy demoralizes new speculations, in this manner lessening the quantity of work openings. In addition, the overwhelming weight of tax collection disheartens work, reserve funds and venture openings in this way expanding the degrees of joblessness. Feeble interest for items abridges financial development (Loiseau, 2014). The elevated levels of joblessness have likewise caused an expansion in neediness and vagrancy in France. Essentially, neediness is a result of joblessness. Especially, absence of wages debilitates the capacity to bear the cost of fundamental needs, for example, lodging offices (Elliott Penketh, 2014). Also, poor foundation, low scholastic capabilities and poor mental and physical wellbeing are among the heap of difficulties confronting the French populace. Unlawful movement presents business challenges. Illicit foreigners increment strain on openings for work which would somehow or another be for the jobless residents (France Economy, 2010). Suggestions Answers for Slow Economic Growth The Banque de France is the national bank of France. Transcendently, the national bank is entrusted with the obligation of figuring and actualizing money related arrangement in the nation. The focal money related arrangement of the Eurozone has been Frances strategy since 1999 (Francesco-Mayot, 2017). Today, the money related power executes loan cost strategies. Additionally, the bank uses fiscal approach instruments to keep up low expansion levels in the nation. What's more, the national bank keeps up moderately low renegotiating rates. Subsequently, every one of these measures have prompted expanded monetary development in France. The legislature ought to likewise urge private part speculations to build the degree of monetary action in the nation. The expansion in the total interest for merchandise and enterprises in the economy will prod monetary development. Formation of advancement focuses will help improve the total economy. In addition, the legislature ought to support interests in innovative work. All things considered, such ventures will energize monetary efficiency and improvement in the nation. Thus, this would prompt expanded financial development in France. So also, tax cuts and tax cuts ought to be actualized in the nation. Such an activity will go far in expanding the degree of extra cash accessible to firms and family units. Thus, this will expand the total interest and prod financial development. Also, it will go about as a motivation for greater speculation. Solidification of government accounts will likewise improve the degree of financial development. Ordinarily, diminished government use can be accomplished through spending cuts and progressively private division interest in the French economy. Answers for high joblessness Seriously, the duality of work in the nation ought to be diminished. Along these lines, the legislature, in a joint effort with worker's guilds should devise frameworks for saving representatives, particularly those on perpetual work contracts. These systems could be rearranged and abbreviated. Moreover, redistributive expense system could be incited to boost new speculations and work power to look for business openings. Besides, an expansion sought after for products and enterprises will make more openings for work for the jobless populace. Low work costs will go about as a motivation for managers to employ more specialists. Moreover, this will make more openings for work for the jobless. Thus, joblessness levels will drop. Spending cuts have been executed since 2003 to diminish government spending (Macroeconomic Developments, 2017). The presentation of legitimate roads for refuge searchers will help decrease illicit movement. Movement adds to joblessness levels in France. Unlawful migrants ought to be expelled to free work open doors for French residents. Expansion

Affirmative Action Essay example -- essays research papers

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the nation’s most goal-oriented endeavor to review its long history of racial and sexual segregation, anyway in current occasions and around forty years after the foundation of this strategy, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is fundamental, regardless of whether it is an advantage or hindrance to society, and why it impels rather then facilitates the nation’s inward issues after such a significant number of long stretches of having been in actuality. In the accompanying sections the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was built up in the first place, who is influenced by this approach, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet vital in today’s society or if such strategy ought to be discarded, and, at last, potential goals to this quandary, will be looked into, starting with the clarification of how governmental policy regarding minorities in society happened. In March l96I, under two months after President John F. Kennedy got down to business, he gave an Executive Order (10925), which set up the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Its crucial to end segregation in work by the legislature and its temporary workers. The request required each government agreement to incorporate the promise that "The Contractor won't victimize any representative or candidate for work as a result of race, doctrine, shading, or national starting point. The Contractor will make confirmed move, to guarantee that candidates are utilized, and that representatives are treated during business, regardless of their race, doctrine, shading, or national origin." (QUOTE) Here just because the administration called for "affirmative action." Soon, from that point the Civil Rights Act of 1964 rehashed and widened the utilization of this guideline with the Title VI, which pronounced that "No individual in the Uni ted States will, on the ground Or race, shading or national cause, be prohibited from cooperation in, be prevented the advantages from claiming, or be exposed to separation under any program or action getting government money related assistance." But inside one year President Lyndon B. Johnson contended that decency required in excess of a pledge to fair treatment. In his 1965 beginning location at Howard University, he stated: "You don't take an individual who for a considerable length of time has been tottered by chains and free him... ...us endeavor to change its long history of racial and sexual segregation, anyway in present day times and around forty years after the foundation of this approach, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is fundamental, regardless of whether it is an advantage or weakness to society, and why it prompts rather then facilitates the nation’s inner predicaments after such a significant number of long periods of having been as a result. In the accompanying sections the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was set up in any case, who is influenced by this strategy, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet fundamental in today’s society or if such arrangement ought to be discarded, and, at long last, potential goals to this quandary. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the scaffold between changing the laws and changing the way of life. The extreme conservative would have us accept that ladies and ethnic minorities procure less on the grounds that we don't function as hard or we're not as keen. That essentially isn't the situation. Laws have changed, however separation endures. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society just opens entryways, ladies and non-white individuals need to stroll through those entryways without anyone else. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society Essay model - articles inquire about papers Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the nation’s most yearning endeavor to change its long history of racial and sexual separation, anyway in present day times and roughly forty years after the foundation of this strategy, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is vital, regardless of whether it is an advantage or hindrance to society, and why it prompts rather then facilitates the nation’s inner quandaries after such a significant number of long stretches of having been in actuality. In the accompanying sections the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was set up in any case, who is influenced by this arrangement, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet vital in today’s society or if such a pproach ought to be discarded, and, at long last, potential goals to this situation, will be checked on, starting with the clarification of how governmental policy regarding minorities in society came to fruition. In March l96I, under two months after President John F. Kennedy got down to business, he gave an Executive Order (10925), which built up the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Its strategic to end segregation in work by the administration and its contractual workers. The request required each government agreement to incorporate the promise that "The Contractor won't victimize any worker or candidate for business due to race, statement of faith, shading, or national root. The Contractor will make confirmed move, to guarantee that candidates are utilized, and that workers are treated during business, regardless of their race, doctrine, shading, or national origin." (QUOTE) Here just because the legislature called for "affirmative action." Soon, from there on the Civil Rights Act of 1964 repeated and expanded the utilization of this guideline with the Title VI, which pronounced that "No individual in the United States will , on the ground Or race, shading or national starting point, be avoided from investment in, be precluded the advantages from securing, or be exposed to separation under any program or action accepting government money related assistance." But inside one year President Lyndon B. Johnson contended that reasonableness required in excess of a pledge to unbiased treatment. In his 1965 initiation address at Howard University, he stated: "You don't take an individual who for a considerable length of time has been stumbled by chains and free him... ...us endeavor to change its long history of racial and sexual separation, anyway in present day times and around forty years after the foundation of this arrangement, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is important, regardless of whether it is an advantage or impairment to society, and why it impels rather then facilitates the nation’s inner predicaments after such huge numbers of long stretches of having been in actuality. In the accompanying passages the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was set up in any case, who is influenced by this strategy, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet important in today’s society or if such approach ought to be discarded, and, at last, potential goals to this situation. Go vernmental policy regarding minorities in society is the scaffold between changing the laws and changing the way of life. The extreme conservative would have us accept that ladies and non-white individuals procure less on the grounds that we don't fill in as hard or we're not as keen. That just isn't the situation. Laws have changed, however segregation endures. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society just opens entryways, ladies and ethnic minorities need to stroll through those entryways without anyone else.

VEDA

VEDA VEDA (Vlog Every Day in April) is a thing in some parts of the YouTube community, and its basically a month when a bunch of (usually smaller/less well-known) vloggers all try to post a new video every day. Its less organized than something like NaNoWriMo, and more just an excuse to be disciplined and make consistent content. Im going to use it to motivate myself to make some low-commitment dailyvlogs, avoiding scripts and mostly just giving snapshots into MIT life. For the first couple days (or at least I noticed it today) Im probably going to be more hesistant about filming randomly with my phone, but I hope that Ill get more comfortable over the course of the month and gradually show more bits of my life. Feel free to request random things youd like me to record, whether its certain parts of campus or food or whatever! Otherwise Ill just do my best to document things and ramble at a camera sometimes. I dont want to spam MIT Admissions with too many daily updates, so  Ill put all the videos in a playlist below. Heres a masterlist of all the vlogs, with little descriptions (in case you want to pick and choose which videos to watch): Calendar Flip || VEDA #1  â€" introductions, juice boxes, the dome at night This is Not a Picture || VEDA #2  â€" #askMIT, career fairs, Big Fish (the musical) Apathy || VEDA #3  â€"  gummy penguins, The Last Five Years, stamp attacks Refrigerator Running || VEDA #4  â€" Mario Kart, bloggers irl, catchphrase Mozzarella Sticks || VEDA #5  â€" animation, TAing, stolen food Glasses || VEDA #6  â€" figure drawing, ranidaphobia, internship searches Its Michelles Song || VEDA #7  â€" moar #askMIT, psetting, random YouTube statistics The New Entity || VEDA #8  â€" about me, The Friendly Toast, meta vlogging Token Male Friend || VEDA #9  â€" music pt.1, interrupting Skype calls, email struggles New York City || VEDA #10  â€" bus rides, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night, alumni friendship Treat Yo Self || VEDA #11  â€" toy stores, Central Park wandering, A Gentlemans Guide to Love and Murder A Very Sports-y Sunday || VEDA #12   â€" people-watching, miles piles of work, not actually playing sports Nature Agrees with Us || VEDA #13   â€" costume design, sunshine, internet cats Chocolate Therapy || VEDA #14  â€" free cone day, Costco trips, more stamp attacks Laundry Day || VEDA #15  â€" scraped fingers, laundry montages, burger cupcakes All the Little Prefrosh || VEDA #16  â€" CPW begins, the box office, Simmons lights My Real Face || VEDA #17 â€" the music library, the box office (again), Meet the Bloggers   You Cant Just Ask for Prefrosh || VEDA #18  â€" so many prefrosh, game nights, tbh just a lot of laughter Free Ice Cream to This (Death by Exercise) || VEDA #19 â€"  focus groups, dancing, AXO Run the Night Marathon Monday || VEDA #20  â€" the Boston Marathon, audio editing, cups Catching Up || VEDA #21 â€" voiceover recording, s0 much w0rk, friendship things Friends and Community || VEDA # 22  â€" Steam Cafe, watching TV, Shrek vlogs Season 3 Premiere || VEDA #23 â€" dessert study breaks, gesture-filled qa, interrupting trains A Very YouTube-Filled Weekend || VEDA #24 â€" Vsauce and Veritasium, improv, existential crises Adrenaline Rush || VEDA #25  â€" MIT Ballroom Open, Tour Because Awesome (HANK GREEN), loungin   Optimism || VEDA #26  â€" MIT Ballroom Open II, Jeremy Jordan, reflecting on jadedness Staring at Spreadsheets || VEDA #27  â€" stress, agriculture/drought data, late night maps I Have the Foam || VEDA #28  â€" impromptu tug-of-war, TV Tuesday, bridge mysteries Internet Famous || VEDA #29  â€" sneak preview, MacGregor tour ft. Andrea and Jamal, one day more Thats Very Meta || VEDA #30  â€" Collier Memorial, vlogception, calendars upon calendars UPDATE 4/7/15 I reuploaded the first video because someone pointed out very kindly that there was the lovely bright blue Click Analyze to begin prompt from Adobe Premiere over the last clip. Clearly I was too tired to rewatch the video after posting it, which was a poor choice. Other than that, Ive kept to the daily video filming/editing/posting without too much trouble! UPDATE 4/9/15 Bloggers have been posting and this entry was pushed off the first page! So Im bumping it back up to the top because Im still making videos and uploading them every day. It feels kind of weird to bump my own post but I also dont want my videos to get completely lost in the Internet void. Hopefully nobody minds too much. It was also pointed out to me in the comments that, upon skimming this blog post, it doesnt look like Ive been keeping up with dailyvlogs. Especially if you didnt notice that the embedded YouTube player was a playlist rather than a single video. To hopefully avoid this confusion, Im going to stick a master list of all my vlogs at the top of the page with some handy links and brief descriptions. UPDATE 4/15/15 This is the first day I was too exhausted and accidentally fell asleep in between editing uploading yesterdays VEDA. So I didnt hit the 4am deadline, but I woke up at 7:33 because my window faces East and MacGregor is like a brick oven sometimes. Ill probably post the video and then try to get a little more sleep. UPDATE 4/16/15 Second time Ive needed to bump this post to make sure it stays on the front page thankfully Ive only needed to do so about once per week, which isnt too often. I cant believe Im already halfway through VEDA! It doesnt feel like half a month has passed already, but Ive definitely been busier than usual. I hope to see some of you guys during CPW, either at Meet the Bloggers or around MacGregor (or elsewhere on campus)! Im going to try to pop by some events that my friends are planning around campus, mostly to steal food and/or provide moral support. Ive been told many a time that I dont look like my avatar (none of the bloggers *really* do), but you might know my face/backpack color/etc. from vlogs and stuff. UPDATE 4/22/15 Bump^3 (hopefully the last one?) and Im two-thirds through VEDA so far. I think this weekend has produced the longest and shortest videos Ive made thus far some days were really packed and then yesterday I literally just did homework in bed for hours and hours. Thats how it goes, sometimes. I still have a couple topics I need to cover before the end of the month, like asking one of my Course 6 friends about their classes and maybe wandering through MacGregor (impromptu tour + MacCon trip might be necessary). Otherwise, work is ramping up because I have final projects/essays rather than exams, so I think Ill be happy to reclaim an extra hour or two of life/work/sleep when VEDA is done. Not that I dont like vlogging, its just yknow school. UPDATE 4/27/15 Only 4 vlogs left April feels like it flew by! These last couple vlogs have had a lot of me talking reflecting on my life and things, but I still need to get around to doing a last couple MIT-related requests (since showing generic life at MIT was one of my initial goals). Im going to try and end strong and broaden the scope of these videos back to general life at MIT instead of Ceri R. talking out her struggles to a camera every day. UPDATE 5/1/15 Its been an amazing month, and Im just going to give this post a little baby bump to keep it on the front page for one last day. VEDA has been very fun and very challenging, but now I (and you all, and posterity) have these videos to look back upon in case you were wondering what my life (vaguely) looked like in April 2015. Its going to be strange, not constantly thinking about what/who/where to film every single day, but Im definitely going to appreciate the 1-3 hours it frees up every night because of all the final projects. Thanks again to everyone who stuck with me for the entire month! 3

Is Marxism Still Relevant Today Essay - 2189 Words

The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) had brought about significant changes in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and technology and subsequently established an era of unprecedented economic growth in capitalist economies. It was within this era that Karl Marx had observed the deprivation and inequality experienced by men of the proletariat, the working class, who had laboured excessively for hours under inhumane conditions to earn a minimum wage while the bourgeoisie, the capitalist class, reaped the benefits. For Marx it was this fundamental inequality within the social and economic hierarchy that had enabled capitalist societies to function. While Marx’s theories, in many instances have been falsified and predictions†¦show more content†¦Considering that as of 2010, 45.4% of the Australian labour force comprised of women it would seem that Marx’s socialist perspective is less so equal or relevant in contemporary society. Marxism is often cited as being irrelevant within contemporary society due to the fact that Marx had critiqued an almost incomparable society. McDonald Brownlee (2001) argue that contemporary society exists in a post-modern era where westernised societies enjoy the benefits of higher living standards, where the rights of employees are elicited within the Australian Constitution and the rights of humans are dictated within Geneva conventions. An era where employees are entitled to government pensions, allowances, superannuation, and employees accrue sick and annual leave (McDonald Brownlee, 2001). Furthermore employees are able to seek union representation and are legally entitled to industrial action. McDonald and Brownlee (2001) assert that Fair Work Australia, established as an institution responsible for fixating minimum wage and resolving work related disputes, perpetuates the notion that Australia is in transition to become an egalitarian society with minimal class disparity . Critics have also argued that Marxism within western society is no longerShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Concepts Of Marxism1460 Words   |  6 Pagesantagonism still exists in the present day, but in a different form and scale from antagonism Marx described during his time. Having mentioned Occupy Wall Street, a clear present day example of class antagonism, I would like to argue that Marxism is still very relevant in the 21st century, serving as a crucial political and social idea that shapes our present. To present my arguments, I will first retrace the basic concepts of Marxism, and elaborate on how of some Marxist ideas still apply to theRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pageswas written collaboratively by both Marx and Engels, as they explored the argument that â€Å"history and progress can be seen dialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its development, critiques, and both the dependency theory and critical theory. Marx closely analysed the economic interactions within the capitalist community, arguing that the unfair wages were being distributed to workers due to capitalism beingRead MoreThe Root Of Female Subjugation1258 Words   |  6 Pageslinks directly to the developments of reformed social relations regarding production and the family under capitalism, triggering social and economic defeat throughout human history and on into present society where traces of gender subjugation are still found. Initially, research says society was an equal, communal effort until the conceptualization of production, which resulted in the creation of private property and laid the foundation of capitalism. Marx and Engels coined the term EgalitarianRead MoreA Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain1530 Words   |  7 PagesMarxist Theory of Crime and Deviance has the strongest explanation for crime between the two of them therefore, is more relevant in contemporary society today. An Overview of Marxist theory of Crime and Deviance: The Marxist theory of deviance such as the Conflict Theory derives from the middle to late 19th century workings of German theorist Karl Marx. Customarily, Marxism justifies theories that rationalise the inequities fashioned by the capitalist’s structure in relation to power. His generalRead MoreNeo-Marxist Contribution to Theories O Social Class Inequality884 Words   |  4 Pagessocial class inequality today? Social class inequality can be defined as the existence of socially created inequalities among and within classes. They can be attributed to various factors such as race, colour, ethnicity, gender, income, etc. It is arguable that inequalities that exist in post-independence societies as well as the inequalities which exist between nations can be directly traced back to the exploitative capitalism which accompanied European colonialism. Neo-Marxism has indeed contributedRead MoreMarx And Engels s Critique And Critique Of Capitalism1669 Words   |  7 Pagesproletariat). Collectively, these two men created the theory of Marxism. There are multiple critiques of Marxism that attack the fundamental tenants of their argument. Several historical events have fueled such criticisms, such as the fall of the Soviet Union, where Marxism was significantly invalidated and condemned. On the flip side, Marxism has been widely supported in times of capitalist hardships. What viewpoint a person wi ll hold towards Marxism is largely dependable on the economical environment inRead MoreMarxism Is Based On The Social Theories Of Karl Marx And Friederich Engels1445 Words   |  6 PagesMarxism is based on the social theories of Karl Marx and Friederich Engels and has evolved and adapted to take into account the way that society functions today. It states that social change is determined by the economy and describes the relationship and the conflict between the ruling class (the Bourgeoisie) and the working class (the Proletariat). Marxism describes how society is biased purely to benefit of the ruling class and examines the exploitation of the working class. There are lots ofRead MoreSociology, Social Closure Essay (Higher)1585 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse the extent to which social closure exists in UK society. Use two contrasting theories and relevant studies in your answer. INTRO Social stratification is the way in which society is stratified or made up of layers of social groups in a hierarchical way. Class stratification is a form of social stratification, which tends to split separate classes, whose members have contrasting access to resources and power. In Britain, society is structured in terms of inequality. Different classes tendRead MoreThe Value Of Philosophy And Its Influence On Society1271 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophical views still live today. Today, women have the same basic equal rights as men, such as voting. Presently, women and men attend school and the house maker role is no longer the soul job of a woman. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman though controversial at its time, was very influential as today many societies recognize a woman to be equal to a man. Wollstonecraft’s philosophical worked helped pave the road toward gender equality, and continues to as gender biases still exists. PhilosophyRead MoreBook Review : Why Read Marx Today?759 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review: Why Read Marx Today? (Jonathan Wolff; Oxford University Press; 2002) In this book, Wolff (UCL professor, philosopher, and columnist for the Guardian) tackles the immense task of analysing the validity and modern significance of Karl Marx and his teachings. As Wolff quickly points out in his introductory paragraphs, surely the fall of the Berlin Wall - along with the collapse of the so-called â€Å"‘Evil Empire’† (1) (the Soviet Union) - should have rendered the Marxist theorists beaten and

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing Dishonesty in The...

Dishonesty and Hypocrisy in The Physicians and Pardoners Tales Chaucer presents characters in the Physicians and Pardoners Tales who are very similar to each other in one important way. Although the characters seem on the surface to be mirror images of each other, they have an important underlying similarity: both the physician and the pardoner are not what they appear to be to most people. Both are hypocritical, although they show this hypocrisy in different ways. One way of seeing this hypocrisy, in the case of the physicians tale, is to examine the way the similarities and differences between the knight Virginius and the physician himself in terms of what he sees as moral actions. It seems fairly clear that†¦show more content†¦The tale as told by the physician, however, is problematic as a moral example, because (although Virginia may have had to submit to the judges rule that he live with her), there is nothing in Apius ruling that would have forced her to yield her chastity to him. She would still have had a moral choice when she submitted. It may be that the choice would have come to nothing but consentual or nonconsentual sex with Apius. This is still a very important distinction in Christian terms, because without yielding her consent, Virginia would have been guilty of no sin. It may have been that she would have been dishonored in the eyes of society if she was to live with the judge, but she would have committed no moral tr ansgression. By identifying himself with Virginius, by drawing on a similar story in the Biblical book of Judges to provide moral backing for his own story, and holding the tale up as a moral example of Christian behavior, the physician re-frames it in terms of Christian ethics, although it is set in ancient Rome. It is understandable (although perhaps unusual to the modern reader) that a father would rather see his daughter dead than sacrifice her eternal reward in heaven; but once it is realized that her eternal reward, within the context of this tale, is not at stake, it seems absurd that a father would rather have his

Women’s Rights in the Quran Essay Free Essays

The religion of Islam, unfortunately, has been exposed many unfair criticisms from nonmuslims. Especially about how Islamic Laws are treated towards the women. There are plenty of misinterpretations and accusations. We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Rights in the Quran Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It needs to mention about fundamental and basic principles in Islam. According to Islam, human beings are not evil and sinful creatures, and they do not come to the world with tendency to sin. Human beings are not sinful until they choose to sin. Unlike Christianity, a newborn baby considered to be pure, innocent, and considered as if s(he) a given present from Allah. There is even a saying in Turkish ‘like a paradise-scented child’. This saying refers that the children are innocent and as if they are coming from the paradise. Also, every human is equal in Islam regardless of their race, color, and class. Islam is not definite with only one age, it is for every age. Khurshid Ahmad describes the aim of Islam as, Islam aims at establishing an equilibrium between these two aspects of life – the material and the spiritual. (36) Another detail in Islam is that how Quran describes Eve. In Quran, Eve is not represented an evil or a seductive woman. Quran puts an equivalent blame on Adam’s and Eve’s mistake. It does not separate Eve from Adam. Eve is not portrayed as a deceiver or a seducer. Eve is not blamed for seducing Adam to eat the fruit from the forbidden tree. Actually, in Quran Surah Taha, verse 121† †¦ Thus, Adam disobeyed his Lord, and fell.† This verse states that Adam is especially blamed for the sin not Eve. Another important detail is that the original sin concept. It does not exist in Islam. For this reason, Adam’s sin is not inherited to the other human beings like it does in Christianity. This is because Adam and Eve repented to Allah and they had forgiven. Allah does not punish anyone for other’s sins. Therefore, in Islam, everyone is responsible for their own actions, and their own sins. The Quran provides clear-cut evidence that woman in completely equated with man in the sight of Allah in terms of her rights and responsibilities (Ahmad 136). In Quran Surah Al- Imran verse 195 † Their Lord answered the Prayer thus: â€Å"I will not suffer the work of any of you, whether male or female, to go to waste; each of you is from the other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This part of the verse simply refers that there is no discrimination between a man and a woman in the presence of Allah. In Islam, the superiority only occurs when it comes to the actions. Other features are not important. For instance, being a man or a female, noble or ignoble, those features do not affect the actions that have done. It is crystal clear that there is no difference between a man and a woman. Later on, the Quran states again that there is no discrimination between a man and a woman in Surah An-Nisaa verse 124 † But whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, and is a believer— those will enter Paradise, and will not be wronged a whit.† The only thing that matter is the actions. Another Surah emphasizes the same topic again, in Surah An-Nahl verse 97 † Whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, while being a believer, we will grant him a good life—and We will reward them according to the best of what they used to do.† As long as following Allah and embrace the religion, believers will be rewarded by their works and actions. In Islam there are some religious obligations, for instance, routine prayers, fasting, alms, and going on a pilgrimage. A man and a woman have same obligations and duties for those religious obligations. Except some circumstances, to give an example, a woman can be privileged from prayers throughout her mensuration. The same case applies for fasting. There can be some exceptional for the women, otherwise the man and the women are equally responsible for the obligations. In the Pre-Islamic age of ignorance, if someone has a daughter as his or her first child, burying her was vastly common amongst the various Arabian tribes. Surah An-Nahl verses 58-59 describe the how people react when they have a daughter. † And when one of them is given news of a female infant, his face darkens, and he chokes with grief. He hides from the people because of the bad news given to him. Shall he keep it in humiliation, or bury it in the dust? What an evil choice they decide on?† Quran unquestionably and strictly forbids the infanticide. With the acceptance of Islam, the daughters were protected and treated fairly. Females had gained rights with the Islam. Surely, during the age of ignorance women were treated as if they were the objects, and they had no right. Prior to the advent of Islam, woman had no rights to speak of. When a woman’s husband died, any of his male relatives would simply appropriate her, as if she was an animal or a commodity ( Al-Ghazili) The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) has a saying about treating the daughters † Whosoever has a daughter and he does not bury her alive, does not insult her, and does not favor his son over her, Allah will admit him to Paradise because of her.† (Ibn Hanbal Hadith No 1957). Even just by deducing from this Hadith that in Islam, the daughter has an equal position with the son. Moreover, it can be said that how treating a daughter significant for awarding the father with the Paradise. Woman in the marriage in the Quran states in one of the Surah which is Al-Rum verse 21 † And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.† The Quran clearly indicates that marriage is sharing between the two halves of the society, and its objectives, beside perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy (Ahmed 138). Furthermore, a woman cannot force into marriage without her own approval according to Islamic Law. The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. A woman and a man both have equal rights and claims on one another, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This is a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is consistent with the nature of man (Ahmed 138). In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 228 † †¦ And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them. And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.† Having a degree has to do with the maintenance and protection of a women, and as Khurshid Ahmed refers that it is the natural difference between the sexes which entitles the weaker sex to protection. It does not imply no superiority or advantage before the law, and the man’s role of leadership in relation to his family does not mean the husband’s dictatorship over his wife (138). One of the distinction between Islam and Christianity is about remarriage of the widows. Unlike Christianity, the widows or divorced women do not expose to discrimination against the unmarried women or another. According to Islam, a divorced or widowed woman has the right to remarry without any shame or denunciation. In fact, the Quran allows the betrothal of a divorced or widowed woman even during her period of transition (Jawad 34). In Surah Al-Baqarah 235 states as: It shall be no offence for you openly to propose marriage indirectly to such women or to cherish them in your hearts. Allah knows that you will remember them. Do not arrange to meet them in secret and, if you do, speak to them honorably. But you shall not consummate the marriage before the end of their waiting period. Know that Allah has knowledge of all your thoughts. Therefore, take heed and bear in mind that Allah is forgiving and merciful. This verse mentions there is no sin in offering a marriage implicitly to a woman whose husband died and waiting for the iddat. The explanation of Iddat is a period of time during which a divorced or widowed woman may not remarry (oxforddictionaries.com). This offering can be through expressing the intention of the man by asking questions or stating his wishes to the woman. By this way, woman’s opinion will find out, and if the woman wishes to marry that man, it will be prevented the woman to promise someone else. Islam values the treating respectful and kind to the parents, but especially to the mothers. In Islam, women are also valued being a mother too. For instance, In the Quran, there is a suggestion for the polite behavior for the mothers. In Surah Luqman verse 14 † And we enjoined upon man to be dutiful to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness upon weakness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Likewise, in Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 † And We have enjoined upon man, to his parents, good treatment. His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Surah Al-Ahqaf verse 15 indicates that Allah ordered to us to treat our parents kindly and take care of them. It is also emphasized that how our mothers suffered during her pregnancy with having sickness and at the same how challenging her labor was. Similarly, in Surah Al-Isra verse 23 is regarding the good and polite treatment towards the parents †Your Lord has commanded that you worship none but Him, and that you be good to your parents. If either of them or both of them reach old age with you, do not say to them a word of disrespect, nor scold them, but say to them kind words.† There are several sayings of The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh). One day, The Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) stated: † Be regretful!† when they say † Who? O The messenger of Allah!† The Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) replied as † It is the person who cannot enter the Paradise because he did not show respect one or both of his parents in their old age.† (Birr and S?la 251) Furthermore, The Prophet Mohammad has a well-known saying † Paradise is at the feet of mothers† (Ibn Hanbal). One more case can be given as: A man came to Mohammad (pbuh) asking, † O Messenger of Allah, who among the people is the worthiest of my good company? † The Prophet (pbuh) said, †Your mother.† The man said, †Then who else?† The Prophet (pbuh) said †Your mother.† The man said, † Then who else?† The Prophet (pbuh) said, †Your mother.† The man said, †Then who else?† Only then did the Prophet (pbuh) say †Your father.† (Al-Bukhari and Muslim). The financial status of a woman is secured in Quran. It can be easily seen in the verses of the Quran. How to cite Women’s Rights in the Quran Essay, Essays

Mary, Nickname Bloodymary, 1St Person Essays - Anti-Protestantism

Mary, Nickname: Bloodymary, 1St Person Mary the first was born on FEB. 18. 1516 at GREENWICH PALACE. I WAS THE DAUGHTER OF HENRY THE 8 AND CATHRINE THE FIRST OF ARGON. I WAS A GOOD STUDENT AND ACCOMPLISHEND LINGUIST. I LEARNED LATIN, FRENCH, SPANISH, ITALIAN, AND GREEK. I STUDIED ASTRONOMY, NATURAL SCIENCE, AND MATH. I PLAYED MUSIC, DANCED, AND EMBROIRED. MY FATHER WANTED ME TO MARRY MY HALF BROTHER BUT I DIDNT BECAUSE HE WOULD HAVE HAD TO NILLUFY HIS MARRIGAGE WITH MY MOTHER. I didnt like my fathers second wife b/c I FELT SHE WAS TRYING TO TAKE THE PLACE OF MY MOTHER. I WAS FORCED OUT OF MY HOUSE, AND SENT TO LIVE WITH MY SISTER ELIZABETH. B/C OF THIS I LOST MY TITLE OF PRINCESS, AND WAS DECLARED ILLIGITAMATE. LATER I TOOK AN OATH OF SUPREMACY, AND WENT BACK TO THE PALACE AND ONCE AGAIN BECAME CLOSE TO MY FATHER. WHEN I MOVED BACK I BECAME THE GOD MOTHER OF MY HALF BROTHER EDWARD. BECAUSE OF THE PARLIMENTARY ACT I WAS RESTORED TO THE ROYAL SUCCSSESION. WHEN MY BROTHER DIED IN 1553 I BECAME QUEEN. I WAS AN ATTRACTIVE WOME N WITH A STRONG DEMEANO, AND DIDNT LET PEOPLE UPSET ME. I HAD PRO-CATHOLIC AND PRO-SPANISH POLICES, AND I RESTORED THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. I MARRIED KING PHILIP THE SECOND OF SPAIN. THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF MY MARRAGE CAUSED CHANGES IN THE GOV'T. I DIDNT LIKE HERETICS- PEOLE WHO HELD AN UNORTHADOX OPINION, AND SPOKE OUT ABOUT IT. ABOUT 3000 PROMINANT PRODISTANTS WERE BURNED AT THE STAKE, THIS IS HOW I GOT THE NICKNAME BLOODYMARY. PHILIP LEFT ENGLAND FOR 10 MONTHS AND CONVINCED ME TO JOIN SPAINS WAS AGAINST FRANCE. I BECAME DISSAPOINTED IN PHILIP B/C HE FOUGHT IN THE WAR AND I FELT THAT HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO WIN THE WAR, AND ALSO B/C I WASNT ABLE TO PRODUCE AND HEIR TO THE THRONE. I DIED FROM NATURAL CAUSES ON NOV. 25, 1588. I WAS ALWAYS TRUE TO THOSE FAITHFUL TO ME. AND I WILL BE REMEMBERED AS THE LAST SUCCESSFUL TUDOR SOVERIGN. History Reports

Is it Ever OK to Tell Your Boss Youre Looking for a New Job

Is it Ever OK to Tell Your Boss Youre Looking for a New Job It can be tricky when you’re job hunting and trying to keep it a secret from your boss and fellow employees. You might have to  resort to fake doctor appointments or a family emergency to get time off for interviews. In another roadblock, your current job can prevent you from listing coworkers or members of management as recommendations on your resume. Is there any professional way  to tell your boss you’re job hunting to make it easier for yourself?Examine Why You’re Job HuntingBefore checking out those job search sites, you may want to ask yourself why you are planning on finding a new job. Ask yourself if you are looking for a larger salary, more responsibilities, or are using the opportunity to switch career paths. One way to examine your  reasons  for job hunting is to  create a list of positive and negative points of your current job. After completing the list, you will have a good idea why you really want a change.Times When You Can Tell Your Bos sActually, there are times when you can tell your boss you are job hunting without many problems. For example, if your spouse has taken a job in a different city and you are forced to move, it’s fine to share your news. Perhaps you have bought a new house on the other side of town, and the commute would add too much time to your daily routine. Or maybe you  have health problems that could force you to take a job with less stress, or your spouse just retired and you want to work closer to home. Logistical reasons for a job change are fine to share with your boss.Think about the Repercussions FirstHaving a good relationship with your employer can make telling him or her  a possibility. In some instances, if you are an employee who knows you are valued, you might be offered a raise, another position in the company, or added responsibilities as an enticement to get you stay with the job. However, whether you tell your boss is strictly a judgment call. If you call it wrong, yo u could be out looking for a job earlier than you had planned and without the backup of your current position.Timing is EverythingYou’ve been on several interviews and the hiring manager is talking about when you start your new job. Is it time to inform your boss and put in your resignation? Until you have actually signed the contract for your new job, you should  hold off on telling your current employer. You aren’t actually hired until those papers are signed, and someone else might come along and snag the new job you thought you had. When your new contract is signed, then is the time to tell your employer. It is also a good idea to let your new employer know that you need to give notice to your current boss with enough time for a replacement to be hired to fill your position. Your new boss will appreciate your courtesy.Knowing when to tell your current employer that you are job hunting can be an important consideration to protect yourself. Job hunting with the abi lity to find all the listings that suit your position is also important, and there are easier ways than searching through job classifieds. TheJobNetwork can help. After you fill out your work interests and qualifications, TheJobNetwork searches 24-hours a day for listings that match your description and sends those listings to you as an email alert. All you do is sign up for job match alert to get started.

Help, iPhone Won’t Charge! 5 Common Causes + How to Fix

Help, iPhone Won’t Charge! 5 Common Causes + How to Fix SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If your iPhone is plugged in but not charging, you may be in panic mode. You love your phone, you’re way too reliant on it, and you don’t want to spend some serious cash on a new iPhone 6s. And heaven forbid you resort to purchasing a non-iPhone. Fear not. I’ll walk you through some of the common reasons why an iPhone won’t charge and offer solutions to these problems. Hopefully, your iPhone 5, iPhone 5S, or iPhone 6 will only require a simple fix, and you’ll soon be using your phone incessantly and ignoring the outside world. How Do You Know if Your iPhone Is Charging? When your device is plugged into a power source, look at the battery icon in the status bar. If the iPhone is charging properly, there should be a lightning bolt next to the battery icon. If there’s not, there's definitely a problem and your iPhone won't charge. In this guide, I'll explain the most common reasons why an iPhone won't charge and offer solutions to each of these issues. These suggestions apply to every supported model (i.e. iPhone 4S, iPhone 5, iPhone 5S, iPhone 6, and iPhone 6S), but may or may not work for earlier models. Follow my prescribed steps to help get your phone charging again. Common Problem 1: Your Software Crashed This is a common problem for why your iPhone won't charge, but luckily, it’s not a huge deal. In this situation, it looks like your iPhone isn’t charging, but the screen is just staying blank because your software has crashed. How to Fix It Just do a hard reset by holding the power button and home button together. Keep holding them until the Apple logo appears and your phone reboots. At this point, you should be able to see your phone charging, and all will be well again. Common Problem 2: Your Charging Port Is Dirty or Obstructed Take a close look at where the cable connects to your phone. If you want to take a really good look, use a flashlight. The port may be clogged with dust, lint, or other debris. Even something very small can prevent your cable from making a solid connection to your iPhone, thus causing your iPhone not charging problem. Also, this is less common, but make sure there’s no debris on the plug of the cable where it connects to the port. How to Fix It Use a toothbrush (preferably not one you’re going to use in your mouth) to gently brush out the port. Toothbrushes work well because the bristles don’t conduct electricity. You can also purchase one of these special brushes to do the trick. Once you’re done cleaning out the port, try charging again. Cross your fingers that you’ve fixed the problem and sanity has been restored. Common Problem 3: Your Cable Is Busted Inspect your cable thoroughly at both ends. Lightning cables (for iPhone 5 through 6s) and 30-pin connector cables (for iPhone 4S or earlier), are prone to fraying or getting torn. This is especially common if you get a low quality cable. If you get a super cheap non-Apple cable at a store or online, don’t be surprised if it’s not especially durable and makes your iPhone not charge. To check to see if the problem is with your cable or charger, try using a different one, if you have one available. Or if you have another working iPhone on hand, see if your charger will work with a different phone. How to Fix It If your charger is broken, you’re going to need to replace the cable. If your iPhone is still under warranty, Apple may replace your cable free of charge. Set up an appointment at your local Genius Bar, or you can try to set up your cable exchange online. If you need to purchase a new cable, here are certified 3-foot and 6-foot options. If you have an iPhone 4S or earlier model, check out this certified 30-pin connector cable. Common Problem 4: Your Power Source Is No Good There are many different ways to charge an iPhone: you can plug it into the wall, a car charger, laptop, or a speaker dock. There may be a problem in the wall outlet you’re using, or perhaps the USB port on your computer is the issue. Your iPhone won't charge if your power source is busted. How to Fix It Simply change the outlet or port your phone is plugged into. If this is the problem, you shouldn’t have any issues once you change your power source. As an added bonus, if you move from a USB port to a wall outlet, your phone will usually charge faster. Not only will you no longer have an iPhone not charging problem, you'll super charge your phone! Common Problem 5: Your Phone Was Damaged If your iPhone has been severely damaged, it probably won’t charge. Maybe the hardware was damaged when you dropped your phone while you were running. Or perhaps your charging port sustained liquid damage when you dropped your phone in the sink. How to Fix It Well, there aren’t a ton of options other than replacing your phone if this is the problem for your iPhone not charging. If you dropped your phone in water, you can try immediately drying the phone, removing the case, and placing the phone in a sealed bag of rice for at least 36 hours. If it still isn't working when you remove it from the bag, I’m sad to say that your phone has probably perished. One additional option other than replacing the phone is using an iPhone repair company, like iResQ, especially if all that’s damaged is the charging port. Typically, you have to mail them your phone, but if they can successfully fix it, you can recover your data and won’t have to purchase a new phone. Hooray! Troubleshooting Your iPhone Not Charging If your iPhone won't charge, go through the following steps to diagnose and rectify the problem. #1: Is Your Phone Plugged in Properly? Often, the issue is as simple as not plugging in your phone correctly. Your charger may not be fully inserted into a plug or charging port. Make sure that both ends of the charger are properly connected. #2: Is the Charging Port Dirty? Check to see if there's any debris in your charging port. If so, you can use a toothbrush to remove it. After you're done cleaning the port, try charging your iPhone again. #3: Try Rebooting the Phone Your software may have crashed, and you can fix this by doing a hard reset. Just hold the home button and the power button until the Apple logo appears. Problem solved. #4: Connect to a Different Power Source If the problem is with your power source, all you have to do is use a different one. Plug your phone into a different plug or USB port. #5: Is Your Cable Broken? If you have an additional cable, try to charge your phone with it. If the new cable works, you've identified that the first cable is broken. If you have an extra phone that charges with the original cable, you know the charger isn't the problem. If you have a broken cable, it will have to be replaced. #6: Is Your Phone Damaged? If none of the previous steps works, your phone may be damaged. If it is, you can try salvaging it by using an iPhone repair company, but it's possible that your phone has gone to iPhone heaven and can't be fixed.

Lucas Cranachs Virgin and Child Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lucas Cranachs Virgin and Child Painting - Essay Example The painting The Virgin and Child is one of his enduring masterpieces because it â€Å"demonstrates the hallmarks of the Northern European style† (Gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation). The Virgin and Child is marked for its â€Å"meticulous craftsmanship of colors and the precise execution of details which are signs of perfection common to Cranach’s workshop† (Gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation) , the austere image of the Virgin characterized by her asymmetrical humble eyes typified it as a product of his studio where he substitute the workshop’s paintings for his own, thus making the quality uneven. Just like most painters, Cranach’s paintings also evolved and his paintings for Frederick the Wise was the product of various experiments until he adopted his formal painting style when he was appointed as court painter to the Electors of Saxony at Wittenberg. His style which characterized the Virgin and the Child was Cranach’s attempt to also adapt to suit the demands of the Saxon Court (Bruce a). Technically, the painting The Virgin and Child are one of the many paintings of Cranach about the Madonna and Child. And just like the other paintings about the Madonna and Child, it is marked by the careful selection of colors where the figure â€Å"popped out† from its background due to the contrast of colors and chiaroscuro where the background appeared to be â€Å"lighter† than the foreground. In addition to contrasting light and dark colors, the combination of marked cold and warm colors in the figure emphasized a strong â€Å"character† on the figure where the red became prominently noticeable because it was a â€Å"warm color† contrasted with a â€Å"cold color† blue. The red, which also has the symbolism of the Passion’s, was emphasized for religiosity and aesthetic value as it became distinct when it was juxtaposed by the cerulean blue and deep green color of the Virgin’s garment.  

Esl 423 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Esl 423 3 - Essay Example The differentiated instruction approach is particularly suited to English language teaching because the students in these classes are more likely to have mixed abilities. It is a balance between having individualized instruction for each and every student and maintaining high standards that can be applied for all of them. To aid the teacher in this role, standards provide the framework in which to create differentiated instruction. The disadvantages of standards-based instruction are that they can lead to a restricted curriculum and place undue pressure on the schools to ensure that they perform up to the expected standards if not better. If handled properly, this makes them much more focused on high expectations and creating the right motivation to tailor instruction towards maintaining those standards. Greater coordination coupled with efforts to uphold high student expectations thus automatically puts the needs of the learner at the centre of attention. In short, the standards based system is geared towards meeting the needs of the learner. Standards based instruction is an attempt to base the instruction given to students on defined standards, as well as the resources and opportunities needed. This includes standards set for English language learning. Standards on what students ought to know and be able to do at each stage of their education are then maintained by testing these. And, schools are held responsible for ensuring satisfactory student achievement. The express purpose of standards-based instruction is to improve students’ academic performance, raise their expectations and the quality of education in the US. In raising their expectations, students are motivated to become more rigorous in their work and feel challenged at each stage in order to keep progressing to higher levels of achievement. The main incentive for establishing such standards is to enable equal opportunities for all students regardless of their

Research into Phonological Mean Length of Utterance (pMLU)

Research into Phonological Mean Length of Utterance (pMLU) Specific language impairment (SLI) is a disorder defined by exclusion. Children with SLI exhibit language difficulties in the absence of other factors, such as hearing loss, mental impairment, physical impairment, emotional disturbance, or environmental deprivation (Bishop, 1992a, 1992b; Lubert, 1981). Children with SLI have difficulty acquiring one or more of the components of language, i.e. form (phonology, morphology, and syntax), content (semantics), and use (pragmatics). The field of phonological acquisition has made extensive efforts to measure its development through normative studies (Templin, 1957; Olmstead, 1971) and articulation tests (Hodsen Paden, 1991). Earlier, the research focus was on correctness of consonants as well as the analysis of segments in general. Recently the whole word complexity has been stressed (Masterson Kamhi, 1992, Ingram, 2002). One such measure is the Phonological mean length of utterance (pMLU). It is a whole word measure for measuring phonologic al proficiency (Ingram,2002). It measures the length of a childs words and the number of correct consonants. The pMLU for a speech sample is calculated by: (1) counting the number of segments (consonants and vowels) in each word as produced by the child; (2) counting the number of consonants produced in each word that the child produced accurately; (3) summing these two numbers; (4) totaling these sums; and (5) dividing this total by the total number of words in the sample. pMLU quantifies development of phonology and focuses on the childrens whole-word productions instead of specific segments. Ingram demonstrates the value of the pMLU measure by applying it wide range of contexts. NEED FOR THE STUDY Although pMLU has been addressed in normal as well as phonological disorders and cochlear implanted children, the same is not focussed on children with SLI. Since PMLU is a whole word measure, problems in phonology and morphosyntax are expected to reduce the score. Hence PMLU can be used to investigate the difficulties if any in phonology and morphosyntax of children with SLI. Hence the present study was planned. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the pMLU of children with SLI in comparison with typically developing Kannada speaking children. METHOD: This study followed a case control design. Participants were divided into 2 groups. Clinical group comprised of six individuals (5 males 1 female) with SLI in the age range of 4 to 6 years. The diagnosis of SLI was done on the basis of Leonards exclusionary criteria and the informal assessment of morpho-syntax by the primary investigator. The control group comprised of age matched 30 children out of which 15 were males and 15 females. Exclusion criteria considered were speech, language, hearing and neurological problems. A minimum of 50 spontaneous speech utterances were elicited from each child for a duration of 30 to 40 minutes which was audio recorded using SONY recorder. The childrens utterances were narrow transcribed and pMLU was calculated for each word produced by the child. The sum of each word in all the utterances were totalled and divided by the number of words produced by the child to obtain the pMLU scores. pMLU was calculated for all the children in both the groups. Mann Whitney U test was administered to find out the significant differences between the means of both the groups. RESULTS: The results of the Mann Whitney U Test revealed a statistically significant difference between the means of pMLU scores across the group at p DISCUSSION: pMLU is a whole-word measure for phonological development. The results of the present study revealed that the pMLU scores for the children with SLI were lower in comparison to children with normal language development. This could be attributed to the increased number of incorrect consonants in the speech of clinical group when compared to the control group. The decrease in pMLU scores in the clinical group could also be due to the deficit in the use of morphosyntax as these children were having morphosyntactic errors. This in turn suggests that children with SLI are inferior in the acquisition of segments and in their whole-word phonological proficiency to typically developing children. As this pMLU measure includes the number of segments in a word, pMLU can be used to indicate morphosyntactic abnormalities in children with SLI. This tool can also serve as an aid for monitoring the progress of a child when assessed pre and post therapeutically. CONCLUSION: The present study investigated pMLU in children with SLI in the age range of 4-6 years. The results revealed that children with SLI are inferior in the acquisition of segments including morphemes as well as in their whole-word phonological proficiency than the typically developing children. Hence, pMLU measure could be regarded as a yardstick for phonological and morphosyntactic development in children with SLI. INTRODUCTION: SLI is a disorder defined by exclusion. Children with SLI exhibit language difficulties in the absence of other factors, such as hearing loss, mental impairment, physical impairment, emotional disturbance, or environmental deprivation (Bishop, 1992a, 1992b; Lubert, 1981). Specific language impairment (SLI) has been estimated to affect approximately 7 percent of children (Leonard, 1998; Tomblin et al., 1997) and to persist into adolescence (Aram et al., 1984; Beitchman et al., 1996; Stothard et al., 1998;Johnson et al., 1999). Children with SLI have difficulty acquiring one or more of the components of language, i.e. form (phonology, morphology, and syntax), content (semantics), and use (pragmatics). However, as a group they show disproportionate difficulty with some areas, performing worse than typically developing children matched on vocabulary level or mean length of utterance. Several authors (eg, Leonard et al.,1992; Rice et al., 1995; Rice and Wexler, 1996; Oetting and Horohov, 1997; van der Lely and Ullman, 2001) observe that this is particularly the case in the area of verb morphology and it has also been reported in some areas of syntax, including the comprehension of passive sentences (Bishop, 1979; van der Lely and Harris, 1990; van der Lely, 1996) and formation of wh-questions (Leonard 1995; van der Lely and Battell, 2003). The field of phonological acquisition has made extensive efforts to measure its development through normative studies (Templin, 1957; Olmstead, 1971) and articulation tests (Hodsen Paden, 1991). Earlier studies have focused on correctness of consonants as well as the analysis of segments in general. Recent studies have focused on the whole word complexity (Masterson Kamhi, 1992, Ingram, 2002). One such measure is the Phonological mean length of utterance (PMLU). It is a whole word measure for measuring phonological proficiency (Ingram, 2002). It measures the length of a childs words and the number of correct consonants. The PMLU for a speech sample is calculated by: (1) counting the number of segments (consonants and vowels) in each word as produced by the child; (2) counting the number of consonants produced in each word that the child produced accurately; (3) summing these two numbers; (4) totaling these sums; and (5) dividing this total by the total number of words in the sample. PMLU quantifies development of phonology and focuses on the childrens whole-word productions instead of specific segments. Ingram demonstrates the value of the PMLU measure by applying it in a wide range of contexts. These include a comparison of monolingual children, a comparison across languages, and the diagnosis of impairment or delay. Very few studies have addressed the PMLU in different languages. One such study is by Ingram (2002) who proposed preliminary PMLU stages, reflecting the possible level of development in English speaking children which are as follows. Helin, Makkonen Kunnari (2006) reported that PMLU was much higher in Finnish speaking children than those reported for children acquiring English. Balasubramanium bhat (2009) reported the same in kannada speaking typically developing children. Other studies have focused PMLU on the disordered population. Schauwers, Taelman, Gillis Govierts (2005) reported lower PMLU scores in children with cochlear implant than age matched typically developing peers and they also concluded that the earlier implanted children were more proficient than the later implanted children. Prasad, Hossabetu, Balasubramanium Bhat (2010) studied phonological mean length of utterance in children with phonological disorder and they reported, children with phonological disorder are inferior in the acquisition of segments as well as in their whole-word phonological proficiency than the typically developing children. NEED FOR THE STUDY: Although pMLU has been addressed in normal as well as phonological disorders and cochlear implanted children, the same is not focussed on children with SLI. Since PMLU is a whole word measure, problems in phonology and morphosyntax are expected to reduce the score. Hence PMLU was used to investigate the difficulties if any in phonology and morphosyntax of children with SLI. Hence the present study was attempted in this direction. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the pMLU of children with SLI in comparison with typically developing Kannada speaking children. METHOD Participants The study followed a case control design. Participants were divided into 2 groups i-e the control group and clinical group. Clinical group comprised of six individuals (5 males 1female) with specific language impairment in the age range of 3 to 6 years. The control group comprised of age matched 30 children out of which 15 were males and 15 females. The diagnosis of specific language impairment was done on the basis of Leonards exclusionary criteria and the informal assessment of morpho-syntax by the primary investigator. The exclusion criteria for the controls were the history of speech, language, neurological and hearing problems. Procedure In order to assess the phonological mean length of utterance, spontaneous speech utterances were elicited from each child for duration of 30 to 40 minutes. Samples consisted of minimum of 50 utterances. The experimenter served as a conversational partner and introduced the child to age appropriate toys and questions. The samples were obtained in an informal setting within the school premises for the control group and in the therapy premises for the clinical group. Audio recording was done using a portable Sony Recorder in a relatively quiet environment. The words were accepted for analysis according to the rules suggested by Ingram and Ingram which are mentioned in the table mentioned in appendix. The childrens production of utterances was narrow transcribed and PMLU was calculated for each child. For each word, the number of segments (consonants and vowels) as produced by the child was counted and summed with the number of correct consonants in a word. The sum of each word in all th e utterances of a single subject were totaled and divided by the number of words produced by the child to obtain the PMLU scores. Mann Whitney U test was administered to find out the significant differences between the means of both the groups. RESULTS: The results of the Mann Whitney U Test revealed a statistically significant difference between the means of pMLU scores across the group at p Group Statistics DISCUSSION: pMLU is a whole-word measure for phonological development and is used to investigate the difficulties if any in phonology and morphosyntax. The present study compared the pMLU of children with SLI in comparison with typically developing Kannada speaking children. The results of the study revealed that the pMLU scores for the children with SLI were lower in comparison to children with normal language development. This could be attributed to the increased number of incorrect consonants in the speech of clinical group when compared to the control group as these children were neutralizing the sound contrasts and also exhibiting syllable reduction strategies. Whether it is syllable structure reduction or sound contrast neutralization, it reduces the overall pMLU score. As children with SLI are inferior in the acquisition of segments as well as in their whole-word phonological proficiency than the typically developing children, phonological errors are reflected in the pMLU scores. Hence it can be concluded that pMLU reflects on the phonological errors. The results of the present study are in consonance with findings that the developments of phonology in children with SLI are much later in comparison to typically developing children (Balasbramanium Bhat, 2009) and also that children with phonological disorder are inferior in the acquisition of segments as well as in their whole-word phonological proficiency than the typically developing children (Prasad, Hossabetu, Balasubramanium Bhat 2010). Hence, pMLU can be used as an assessment tool for children with SLI as this provides an objective assessment tool in the evaluation process. The decrease in pMLU scores in the clinical group could also be due to the deficit in the use of morphosyntax as these children were having morphosyntactic errors. This in turn suggests that children with SLI are inferior in the acquisition of morphemic segments when compared to typically developing children. As this pMLU measure includes the number of segments in a word, pMLU can be used to indicate morphosyntactic abnormalities in children with SLI. This tool can also serve as an aid for monitoring the progress of a child when assessed pre and post therapeutically. CONCLUSION: The present study investigated pMLU in children with SLI in the age range of 4-6 years. The results revealed that children with SLI are inferior in the acquisition of segments including morphemes as well as in their whole-word phonological proficiency than the typically developing children. Hence, pMLU measure could be regarded as a yardstick for phonological and morphosyntactic development in children with SLI. REFERENCES: Aram, D. M., Ekelman, B. L., Nation, J. E. (1984). Preschoolers with language disorders: 10 years later. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 232-244. Beitchman, J., Wilson, B., Brownlie, E. B., Walters, H., Lancee, W. (1996). Long-term consistency in speech/language profiles: I. Developmental and academic outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 804-817. Bowen, C. (1998). Developmental phonological disorders: A practical guide for families and teachers. Melbourne: The Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd. Bishop, D. V. M. (1979). Comprehension in developmental language disorders. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 21, 225-38. Bishop, D. V. M. (1992a). Comprehension problems in children with specific language impairment: Literal and inferential meaning. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 119-129. Helin, K., Makkonen, T., Kunnari, S. (2006). The Phonological mean length of utterance: the methodological challenge from cross linguistic perspectives. Journal of Child Language, 33, 179-190. ÂÂ  Hodson, B., Paden, E. (1991). Targetting Intelligible speech: a phonological approach to remediation. Austin TX: Pro-edition. Ingram, D. (2002). The measurement of whole-word productions. Journal of Child Language, 29, 713-733. Johnson, C. J., Beitchman, J. H., Young, A., Escobar, M., Atkinson, L., Wilson, B., Brownlie, E. B., Douglas, L., Tback, N., Lam, I., Wang, M. (1999). Fourteenyear follow-up of children with and without speech/language impairments: Speech/language stability and outcomes. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 42, 744-760. Lakkanna, S., Venkatesh, K., Bhat, J. (2007). Assessment of language development. Mangalore: Codeword processors. Leonard, L.B., mcgregor, K.K., Allen, G.D. (1992). Grammatical morphology and speechperception in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech and hearingresearch, 35, 1076-1085 Leonard, L. B. 1995 Functional categories in the grammars of children with Specific language impairment, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 1270-83. Leonard, L. B. (1998). Children with specific language impairment. Cambridge, MA: Bradford. Lubert, N. (1981). Auditory perceptual impairments in children with specific language disorders: A review of the literature. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 46, 3-29. ÂÂ  Masterson, J., Kamhi, A. (1992). Linguistic interrelationships in school age children with and without language disorders. Journal of speech and Hearing Research, 35, 64-75. Olmstead, D. (1971). Out of the mouth of babes. The Hague: Mouton. Oetting, J., Horohov, J. (1997). Past tense marking in chldren with and without specific Language impairment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 40, 62-74. Polite, J ., and Leonard, B. (2006). Finite verb morphology and phonological length in the speech of children with specific language impairment. Clinical Linguistics Phonetics, 20, 751-760. Radish, B., Jayashree, S. (2009). Phonological Mean Length of Utterance (Pmlu) in Kannada-Speaking Children. Language in India, 9, 489-502. Rice, M.L., Wexler, K., Cleave, P.L. (1995). Specific language impairment as a period of extended optional infinitive. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 850-863. Rice, M. Wexler, K. (1996). A phenotype of specific language impairment. In M. Rice (Ed.), Toward a genetics of language, pp. 215-238. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Stothard, S. E., Snowling, M., Bishop, D. V. M., Chipchase, B. B., Kaplan, C. A. (1998). Language impaired preschoolers: A follow-up into adolescence. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 41, 407-418. ÂÂ  Templin, M. (1957). Certain language skills in children. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota press. Taelman, H., Durieux, G., Gillis, S. (2005). Notes on Ingrams whole-word measures for phonological development. Journal of Child Language, 32, 391-405. Tomblin, J. B., Records, N. L., Buckwalter, P., Zhang, X., Smith, E., OBrien, M (1997). Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. Journal of Speech Hearing Research, 40(6), 1245-1260. Van der Lely, H. K. J. Harris, M. 1990 Comprehension of reversible sentences in specifically language-impaired children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, 101-17. Van der Lely, H. K. J. 1996 Specifically language impaired and normally developing children: Verbal passive vs adjectival passive sentence interpretation, Lingua, 98, 243-72. Van der lely, H. K. J. Ullman M. T. (2001) Past tense morphology in specifically language impaired and normally developing children. Language and Cognitive Processes, 16: 177-217. Van der Lely, H. K. J. Battell, J. (2003) Wh-movement in childrenWith grammatical SLI: a test of the RDDR hypothesis, Language 79,153-81.

Diversity in Abercrombie & Fitch

Defining diversity, it is any dimension which can be used to differentiate groups and people from one another. It is also the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual. Diversity can be branched out into three different categories such as levels of diversity – organisational and individual, forms of diversity – external and internal and types of diversity – gender, age, etc. In a good way, diversity can benefit individuals in the way that one can learn to interact with others in meaningful ways and also learn new things from each other. On the other hand, diversity can also be a cause of problems when people deal things with it incorrectly. As we look in depth into diversity issues found at a workplace, there are four different types of issues that companies always trigger upon and they are social, personal, disability and work issues. From the article I have found on Abercrombie & Fitch, there are two main diversity issues found in Abercrombie & Fitch and they are both social and personal issues. The main sub-issue under social issue will be race and under personal issue will be appearance. The reason towards why Abercrombie & Fitch has these two diversity issues is because according to the article, it states that Abercrombie & Fitch hires only young and attractive salespeople based on race whom mostly are white Americans. One of the salesperson whom recently lost his job at Abercrombie & Fitch even commented that, â€Å"the greeters and the people that worked in the in-season clothing, most of them were white, if not all of them were white. The people that worked in the stockroom, where nobody sees them, were mostly Asian American, Filipino, Mexican, Latino. † So how exactly had these two main diversity issues affected the working environment in Abercrombie & Fitch? Looking at the way how Abercrombie & Fitch employs salespeople by focusing highly on people’s appearance and race, this certainly destroys every non-white, average Joes’ and plain Jane’s opportunity to be employed. According to the article, a former salesperson commented that the store is dominated by Caucasians whom are skinny and tall, have blue eyes and blonde hair and this proofs that the store do not hire any other races such as African or Asian Americans. This certainly deals unfairness to people who are not white and just as average looking, denying them a chance to work at any of the hundred stores across the country. However, even though Abercrombie & Fitch do employ other races, they are often appointed to do only the cleaning of the stores at closed hours and stocking up of goods whereby they do not really face customers upfront. Besides that, Abercrombie & Fitch has also committed a racial discrimination in their company whereby they favour only white people to have good positions. In order to cope with these situations, World Organisation for Human Rights USA has to step in and introduce a training and development program for Abercrombie & Fitch to follow. This includes by setting certain rules for them to follow when they are doing staffs employment or rising ranks of employees working there. Such as by increasing the number of other races employees and also giving them the opportunity to uphold higher working positions in the company. Communication is also an important point to look out for in order to make sure that racial or other discriminations are being avoided. However, Abercrombie & Fitch has made a big mistake in terms of that. One ex-employee commented that he had lost his job after resuming for work from his Christmas break as he was being told that there were too many Filipinos. Hence, being a Filipino, he was denied for work just for that. This type of discrimination will tend to be a direct racial discrimination whereby it is easy to be recognised and noticed. Also, Abercrombie & Fitch has discriminated employees in terms of their appearance whereby two of the store’s employees, one who was an ex-model, commented that corporate representatives would visit the store to spot any staffs who did not reach his standards or expectations. If there are any, they would cut their pay for that. Besides focusing on how the diversity issues affect a working environment, Abercrombie & Fitch has also done a racial discrimination against other races in terms of the product they sell. One example will be that last year, they sold a T-shirt with the slogan ‘Two Wongs can make it White. ’ This has caused much outrage amongst Asian Americans. In conclusion, I think that Abercrombie & Fitch should reduce their aim of recruiting employees in terms of appearance from races. By doing that, they will certainly be stereotyping as they think that only white people are good looking whereby not giving people of other races a chance to be part of the company. By being an ‘all-white’ apparel company, not only did Abercrombie & Fitch have caused much dismay under the working environment, this will eventually lead to disagreement among many customers. As they think that what Abercrombie & Fitch did was unfair and unlawful, they would not want to shop at a store with such racial discrimination issues. Therefore, if Abercrombie & Fitch do not want to lose their businesses, they would have to eradicate the two main diversity issues.

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